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Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict refers to the impact of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict on minors in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Laurel Holliday, in her 1999 book ''Children of Israel/Palestine'', writes that two "ethnically distinct peoples – both Palestinians and Israeli Jews – lay claim to the very same sand, stone, rivers, vegetation, seacoast, and mountains" and that the stories she presents show that "Israeli and Palestinian children grow up feeling that they are destined for conflict with their neighbors".〔Laurel Holliday, Children of Israel/Palestine, Simon and Schuster, 1999, (p. xv ), ISBN 0671008048, 9780671008048.〕 Both the Israeli Defense Forces and militant Palestinian groups have been accused of violating the rights of children and causing injury and death. The media has been used manipulatively to create support for different sides. Children have been the victims of indoctrination, school closures, medical problems and post-traumatic stress as a result of the conflict. At the same time, various educational projects have been established to counter indoctrination and negative stereotypes. Joseph Massad has argued that the Western media are far more sensitive to the deaths of Jewish children than to child fatalities among Palestinians,〔Joseph Massad, ('Are Palestinian children less worthy?,' ) Al Jazeera May 30, 2011〕 while Giulio Meotti has argued the opposite position - that antisemitism has become socially acceptable in Western media and that the world tolerates murder of Jewish children.〔Giulio Meotti, ('The silence of the West,' ) Ynet February 22, 2012〕 In late April 2015 Human Rights Watch asked the UN to put both Israel and Hamas on its "List of Shame" regarding grave violations of children's rights in a conflict.〔 ('UN: Ensure Integrity of Children’s ‘List of Shame’ ,' ) Human Rights Watch 4 June 2015.〕 ==History== Youth have been engaged in military action since before the creation of Israel. In the 1929 Hebron massacre,〔Tom Segev, ''One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate]'', MacMillan, 2000,(p 319 ), ISBN 978-0-349-11286-2.〕 67 Jews were killed, young children among them; Arab youths initiated the violence by hurling rocks at Jewish students as they walked by.〔(The Hebron Massacre of 1929 ), Jewish Virtual Library, accessed April 3, 2013.〕 In 1948, adolescent fighters from the Irgun and Lehi paramilitary groups participated in a massacre of 107 Palestinian residents of the village of Deir Yassin, a number of whom were children.〔Hirst, David, ''The Gun and the Olive Branch''. Faber and Faber, (pp. 252–253 ), 2003, (first published 1977).〕〔Kana'ana and Zeitawi, ''The Village of Deir Yassin,'' Destroyed Village Series, Berzeit University Press, 1988.〕 Since the Six Day War, when the West Bank and the Gaza Strip fell under Israeli military occupation, according to Anton Shammas, the idea of 'childhood' was abolished and dropped from Israeli military declarations, so that if a 10-year-old happened to be shot, he was referred to as 'a young man of ten'.〔Lisa Hajjar, (''Courting Conflict: The Israeli Military Court System in the West Bank and Gaza,'' ) University of California Press, 2005 p.191.〕 With the outbreak of the first intifada, stone-throwing was defined as a felony, children began to be arrested with bail set at %400, and if this was not paid, they could be held in administrative detention for 1 year.〔 The continued Israeli occupation and the stalled peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has led to Palestinian protests and political violence, building up to mass protests during the First Intifada (1987–1993). Many youth were involved in nonviolent demonstrations, sit-ins, walk-outs, boycotts, civil disobedience and strikes organized by popular committees.〔Julie M. Norman, ''The Activist and the Olive Tree: Nonviolent Resistance in the Second Intifada,'' The American University, ProQuest, 2009, (p. 69-70 ), ISBN 978-1-109-16669-9〕 There also was rioting, grenade throwing, and suicide bombings.〔(The First Intifada: History & Overview ), Jewish Virtual Library.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405 )〕 J. Kuttab refers to the First Intifada as the "children's revolt" because youth "possessed a new spirit that challenged the occupation" and inspired even adults to action.〔 James L. Gelvin has written that the "paradigmatic symbol" of the First Intifada was "unarmed Palestinian children throwing stones at Israeli tanks."〔James L. Gelvin, ''The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, (p. 213 ), ISBN 978-0-521-88835-6〕 Approximately 90 percent of young males and 80 percent of young females engaged in some form of activism. The much more violent Second Intifada (2000–2005) was led by adults in the Palestine Liberation Organization following the collapse of the 1993 Oslo Accords.〔 A 2007 survey showed that 17 percent of the Palestinian population is made up of children under the age of five, and 46 percent under 15.〔(Poll: 10% of Palestinian children have lasting malnutrition effects ), Associated Press article in Haaretz, April 11, 2007.〕 In 2012, it was estimated that the densely populated Gaza Strip has a population of 1.7 million, over 800,000 of whom are children.〔Ryan Villarreal, (Israel's Blockade Of Gaza Puts Palestinian Children's Health At Risk: Report ), ''International Business Times'', June 14, 2012.〕 Rock throwing and firebomb attacks by Palestinians on Israeli residents have been described as regular occurrences in the West Bank, and in many cases they directly affect children.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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